Showing posts with label Windows Linux Latest Updates Tips. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Windows Linux Latest Updates Tips. Show all posts

Windows Linux Tips: Access to various networks


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Big corporations often sub-divide their networks into small networks, hidden behind gateways. To access
them, you need to tell your Linux system that there is a gateway to use to access the networks.

The route program makes it easy to add networks, hosts and gateways to your routing table. To add a 
default gateway, for example to access the Internet, you can set it as default with the following line: route add default gw 10.0.0.1

This will work if you need to access the Internet via the 10.0.0.1 gateway. Now, if you want to access
networks 10.1.0.0 and 10.2.0.0 through other gateways, here is what you will want to do:

route add -net 10.1.0.0 gw 10.0.0.10
route add -net 10.2.0.0 gw 10.0.0.20



"Windows Linux Tips: Access to various networks"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Sorry but this host is not in my list


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Mail clients require you to specify your server for incoming mail, but they also need a server for outgoing
mail. If you have sendmail or Qmail running, you can use localhost. If not, you may use your provider's 
mailserver.

If you setup your own mail server, you may have problems sending mail from other systems on your
network. Mail servers often block clients from using them for outgoing mail to prevent relaying. You need 
to specify the hosts where you will be sending mail from. 

Here is how to do it in Qmail, from the FAQ. You need to put the following line in /etc/hosts.allow:
tcp-env: ip1, ip2, ip3: setenv = RELAYCLIENT



"Windows Linux Tips: Sorry but this host is not in my list"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Sharing files Windows system


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The protocol to use to be able to share files with Windows systems is called SMB. Linux supports 
natively a lot of file systems and network protocols.SMB is one of them. To be able to mount a Windows file system to share files, that system needs to have file sharing enabled, and you need to enable SMB support in the kernel.

You also need to download a program called Samba which allows you to share remote file systems, and 
build yourself a server. General information about how to connect Linux, Windows machines and Macs is on the Web at http://www.eats.com/linux_mac_win.html. If SMB is not a possibility, you could use FTP. 
Linux by default has an FTP server turned on. 

Windows FTP servers are also available for free.



"Windows Linux Tips: Sharing files from a Windows system"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Is my modem a winmodem


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Winmodems are modems which lack some hardware. They use software drivers to emulate the hardware, andthe CPU to do some tasks. Unfortunately the drivers provided by the winmodem manufacturers are Windows only.

There is no sure way to know if the modem should work in Linux or not, except trying it yourself, or 
ask someone else who has tried it. Fortunately, there is a Web site with a very long list of modems that are 
known to work in Linux, and those that are winmodems.

 The Web site can be found at http://www.o2.net/~gromitkc/winmodem.html.



"Windows Linux Tips: Is my modem a winmodem"



Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Display IP rather than hostname


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When dealing with networking issues, it often helps to be able to use only IP addresses rather than hostnames. Why? For 2 reasons. First, the name server might not always be available if routing is being
changed. And most important, you may not have the time to wait for all the IP resolving to be done.

Fortunately, many networking utilities in Linux share a common option flag. The -n flag. It will allow you to
make the utility display IP addresses rather than hostnames. Here are a few examples: netstat -an
traceroute 1.2.3.4 -n arp -n -a -i eth0 -a proxy

These commands were all given the -n flag and will display only IP addresses.



"Windows Linux Tips: Display IP rather than hostname"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Domains to search in


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When you try to access a Web site, or any remote site, you need to specify the full hostname. This means the machine name plus the domain name:

lynx my.yahoo.comIf you have a few domain names that you access a lot, you can make your life easier. You can edit/etc/resolv.conf and add the domains there:

search domain.net yahoo.com This means that the system will search in those domains for hostnames. From now on type: lynx my The system will now look for "my", if that hostname doesn't exist it will look for "my.domain.net", and at last "my.yahoo.com".



"Windows Linux Tips: Domains to search in"



Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Internet for your LAN


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Many companies have local networks, and it is becoming even more popular in homes, where 2 or 3 systems are linked together using ethernet wires. Most providers only offer 1 IP address per connection, 
which means that you can't put all of the systems on the Internet at the same time, unless you use a special gateway.

Linux comes with something called IP-Masquerade. With it, you can assign LAN IPs, which are IPs that
can't go on the Internet directly, and then use the Linux system as a gateway. All you need to implement this
is a Linux system with 2 ethernet cards, and an Internet connection. 

The Linux system has IP-Masquerade enabled, and the LAN systems will have access to the Internet using the Linux gateway as a transparant proxy server.

You can find more on the subject by reading the IP-Masq HOWTO and other networking documentation at
http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs. You also need to make sure your Internet provider accepts this kind
of network on their connection.



"Windows Linux Tips: Internet for your LAN"



Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Easy PPP dialup


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By default, most Linux distributions come with text-based configuration files and console menu-based
configuration programs for PPP dialup.Often, this simply isn't enough for most new users.Several GUI programs exist and can be used to configure your PPP dialup.

 One is X-isp, available from http://users.hol.gr/~dbouras/. You may still need to edit the pap-secrets file in /etc/ppp.An other is the Gnome PPP dialer. It comes with Gnome and can be used with no text file editing.

Be sure to put a "*" in the "Remote address" field if it should be set dynamically.Here is a quick guide to setup the Gnome PPP program. First make sure the pppd program is suid root. Then,enter your user name, password and "*" in the remote IP field. Enter the DNS server, and set your IP address or set to dynamic.

This should work for most Internet providers. Check the PPP-HOWTO for a completeoverview of the PPP programs.This is the Gnome PPP interface:

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"Windows Linux Tips: Easy PPP dialup"


Reference : techpraveen.com


Windows Linux Tips: Libc versus Glibc


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A few years ago, every Linux system used the libc version 5.x library. The libc library is the main library that all Unix C programs use.The functions they access are defined in that library.Recently a new version of the library was introduced by the GNU project called GNU libc, or glibc, which is also called libc 6. Some distributions and older systems won't have glibc, and they won't support glibc binaries. 

This doesn't change anything for binaries you compile, but binaries you download that are linked to the GNU libc will not work.There are 2 ways to get them to work. The first is to upgrade. You can upgrade to a newer version that does support glibc, or change your distribution to one that already has glibc as its main library. The 
other way is to install glibc on your current system.

 This requires you to know what you are doing and to backup your system first. See the GNU page at http://www.gnu.org page for more information on GNU products.


"Windows Linux Tips: Libc versus Glibc"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Aliases with Qmail


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Qmail is a mail program that allows users to send and receive emails. It also has a lot of good features, one of
them being aliases. You can add aliases to users who do not have an account on the system. Here is how to 
doit:

•  Create an account called "alias" if it doesn't exist, and go in its home directory.

•  Edit a file called .qmail-username where username is the alias you want to add.

•  Add the address in the file with a & in front of it.

Here is an example of a .qmail-username file: &me@mydomain.com &meagain@some.other.domain.net
This will forward any mail going to user "username" to the 2 listed email addresses.



"Windows Linux Tips: Aliases with Qmail"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Samba with Windows 98 or NT 4


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Samba is a product allowing you to connect your Linux systems to Windows systems for file and printer
sharing. By default the SMB protocol used by Samba sends passwords in clear text. Windows 98 and NT use
encrypted passwords.

If you can't seem to connect from a Windows system on a Samba server, it might well be because the 
Samba server doesn't know about the encrypted passwords. 

You need to read the documentation about encryption in the Samba package. There is a utility to convert a 
Linux /etc/passwd file to encrypted mode so Samba can support Windows encrypted passwords.
Note that Samba also works with Windows 3.1 and Windows 95, with no encryption.


"Windows Linux Tips: Samba with Windows 98 or NT 4"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: KDE drag and drop icons


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KDE is a window manager for the X Window system. It comes with a toolbar at the bottom of the screen and
default buttons. You can drag icons from your desktop to the toolbar.

 The problem is that there is no option to add icons.The trick is to drag a file on the toolbar and then edit it. Open KFM and drag the program you want on the toolbar. You can then edit it and change the settings of the new icon in the toolbar:

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"Windows Linux Tips: KDE drag and drop icons"



Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Find files


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Find is a very useful and powerful utility. It is often used by system administration and in shell scripts. Here
are 2 commands that might be useful:find / -perm -4000 -print.This command will find every file on the system that is suid. This means that when you run it you will be running it as an other user. For example, traceroute is a utility that needs to be run as root. 

To allow users to run it, systems administrators will set it suid root so it will be run as root even if a user starts it. 

This can be useful, but can also be a big security risk if the utility has a security hole in it.Here is another interesting command: find / -atime +10 -print.

This command will find all the files accessed more than 10 days ago. Commands like this one can be useful
to find old files that need to be backuped or erased.



"Windows Linux Tips: Find files"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: asm or linux include files not found


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On older Linux systems, you may have some errors about include files not found in the asm/ or linux/
directory when you try to compile some programs. 

This means that the kernel source code was not installed.Bot asm/ and linux/ directories are links to the 
kernel source code.To install them on your system, you need to get the kernel source code. Then you need to link the directories:ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm /usr/include/asmln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux /usr/include/linux

This will link the 2 directories in the include tree allowing applications to find them.



"Windows Linux Tips: asm or linux include files not found"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: ICQ on Linux


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The original ICQ client does not currently run on Linux. Fortunately, there are clones that do run on Linux
and offer the ICQ service to users.

 A popular ICQ program is Licq available from http://licq.wibble.net.Another popular one is Micq available at http://micq.chatzone.org. Other ICQ programs are also available forLinux. This is licq:

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"Windows Linux Tips: ICQ on Linux"


Reference : techpraveen.com


Windows Linux Tips: Reading foreign documents


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Linux comes with various freely available word processors and office suites. Unfortunately, Microsoft Office
doesn't come with a Linux native port.But you can still read and write Word and Excel files.Word Perfect is a Corel word processor product that has a Linux port. The latest version is Word Perfect 8.

 It is available freely for personal use on Linux, and will read and write Word files. It is available from
http://linux.corel.com. Another program is Star Office. This product from Star Division looks very much like
Microsoft Office and offers similar features. 

It will also read and write all kinds of file formats. Star Office is available freely for personal use from  http://www.stardivision.com:


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"Windows Linux Tips: Reading foreign documents"



Reference : techpraveen.com





Windows Linux Tips: Scanning with Linux


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A number of scanning programs exist for Linux.A popular one currently is SANE which stands for "Scanner Access Now Easy" and is available from http://www.mostang.com/sane. It is an application programming interface that provides standardized access to scanners.

Several graphical frontends are also available from the SANE Web page.



"Windows Linux Tips: Scanning with Linux"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Real audio and video


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Real Networks has released their Real Player for Linux. Unfortunately, many users had problems setting it
up.When running an older kernel, you may need to disable the 16bits sound playback.When running the
Linux kernel 2.2 with Real Player 5.0, you may need to use a workaround to get the Real Player to work.

The workaround is available from the Web.Real Networks provides the Real Player for Linux and for RedHat Linux. The RedHat Linux version comesin the RPM format. Here it is:


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"Windows Linux Tips: Real audio and video"



Reference : techpraveen.com





Windows Linux Tips: FTP access restrictions


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When you first install Linux, it comes with a lot of Internet services running, including mail, telnet, finger
and FTP. You really should disable all those that you don't need from /etc/inetd.conf and your startup scripts.

FTP may be very useful, but must be configured correctly. It can allow people to log into their accounts, it
can allow anonymous users to login to a public software directory, and it can display nice messages to them.

The files that you will probably want to modify are /etc/ftpusers and /etc/ftpaccess.The file /etc/ftpusers is very simple. It lists the people that will not be allowed to use FTP to your system. Theroot account, and other system accounts should be in that file.

The file /etc/ftpaccess is a bit more complex and controls the behaviour of the FTP server. It tells it what to
use as README file to display on a directory listing, what kind of logs to create and what messages to
display.

Note that if you create an anonymous FTP area, you will need to read the FTP man page and do exactly what
it tells you to avoid possible security risks.


"Windows Linux Tips: FTP access restrictions"


Reference : techpraveen.com

Windows Linux Tips: Background image in X Window

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By default, the background in X Window is a grey background. Some window managers have their own
options to set other backgrounds, and some don't.

A program you can use to set your background is a program that comes with most Linux distributions. It's
called XV, and you can specify which background image you want with this line:xv -quit -root image.gif

This will set the background to be the image.gif file. You can add that line in your .xinitrc file, in your home
directory, so it is executed each time you launch X Window.



"Windows Linux Tips: Background image in X Window"


Reference : techpraveen.com